Civilization

 Definition of:  1.An advanced state of intellectual, cultural, and material development in human society, marked by progress in the arts and sciences, the extensive use of record-keeping, including writing, and the appearance of complex political and social institutions.

civilization :  is a kind of human society or culture; specifically, a civilization is usually understood to be a complex society characterized by the practice of agriculture and settlement in cities. Compared with less complex cultures, members of a civilization are organized into a diverse division of labour and an intricate social hierarchy.

The oldest granary yet found, for instance, dates back to 9500 BC and is located in theJordan Valley

Agriculture was developed at least 10,000 years ago, and it has undergone significant developments over the course of its long life.^{[citation needed]} Evidence points to the Fertile Crescent of the Middle East as the site of the earliest planned sowing and harvesting of plants that had previously been gathered in the wild. Independent development of agriculture occurred in northern and southern China, Africa's Sahel, New Guinea and several regions of the Americas. Agricultural practices such as irrigation, crop rotation, fertilizers, andpesticides were developed long ago but have made great strides in the past century. TheHaber-Bosch method for synthesizing ammonium nitrate represented a major breakthrough and allowed crop yields to overcome previous constraints. In the past century agriculture has been characterized by enhanced productivity, the substitution of labor for synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, selective breeding, mechanization, water pollution, and farm subsidies. In recent years there has been a backlash against the external environmental effects of conventional agriculture, resulting in the organic movement.

• The Stone Age : The earliest known period of human culture, characterized by the use of stone tools.
• The Bronze Age : A period of human culture between the Stone Age and the Iron Age, characterized by the use of weapons and implements made of bronze
• The Iron Age : The period in cultural development succeeding the Bronze Age in Asia, Europe, and Africa, characterized by the introduction of iron metallurgy. In Europe it began around the eighth century B.C.

        Ice age, a period of lower: A cold period marked by episodes of extensive glaciations alternating with episodes of relative warmth.

        The most recent glacial period, which occurred during the The presentPleistocene ice age : The last glacial period ended about 10,000 years
   Period between1,808,000 to 11,550 years BP.(before present)